Abstract From 2011 to 2026, organizations outside the traditional geospatial industry became major developers of geographic data and technology. Ride-hailing firms built spatial indexes to price and dispatch trips. Social networks and cloud providers generated building and road data with machine learning and released it openly. Automakers bought a map company to keep it out … Continue reading External Innovation and the Diffusion of Geospatial Capability Across Technology Verticals, 2011–2026 →